مادة آلی محلول رنگی (CDOM) مقیاس مهمی در سنجش کیفیت آب است. می‌توان اذعان کرد CDOM نور موجود لایه‌های را کاهش می‌دهد و فعالیت‌های بیولوژیکی فتوسنتز مختل می‌کند سرانجام، مانع رشد جمعیت فیتوپلانکتون‌‌هایی می‌شود که برای زنجیرة غذای آبزیان ضروری‌اند. بیشتر تحقیق‌هایی تا کنون به انجام رسیده، از طول موج خاصی اندازه‌گیری ضریب جذب استفاده شده است اما، این تحقیق، امکان گسترة‌ وسیعی باندهای طیف مرئی، تع...

UNLABELLED Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is a natural plant alkaloid causing aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy and their associated urothelial malignancies. One of the most efficient enzymes reductively activating AAI to species forming AAI-DNA adducts is cytosolic NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1. AAI is also either reductively activated or oxidatively detoxified to 8-hyd...

Aristolochic acid (AA) causes aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, and their urothelial malignancies. To identify enzymes involved in the metabolism of aristolochic acid I (AAI), the major toxic component of AA we used HRN (hepatic cytochrome P450 [Cyp] reductase null) mice, in which NADPH:Cyp oxidoreductase (Por) is deleted in hepatocytes. AAI was demethylated by hepatic ...

UNLABELLED Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is the major toxic component of the plant extract AA, which leads to the development of nephropathy and urothelial cancer in human. Individual susceptibility to AAI-induced disease might reflect variability in enzymes that metabolise AAI. In vitro NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) is the most potent enzyme that activates AAI by catalyzing formation of ...

The validity of the Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) product from the SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) is discussed. The operational SCIAMACHY AAI product suffers from calibration errors in the reflectance as measured by SCIAMACHY and neglect of polarisation effects in the AAI computational algorithm. Therefore, the AAI product was recalculated, comp...

BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 1A, an enzyme known to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), participates in the metabolism of aristolochic acid I (AAI) in liver and kidney microsomes isolated from humans and rodents. This study was designed to investigate whether P450 1A plays a role in AAI-induced renal injury in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Separate groups of mice were given AAI (10 mg/k...

Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is a plant alkaloid causing aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy and their associated urothelial malignancies. AAI is detoxified by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated O-demethylation to 8-hydroxyaristolochic acid I (aristolochic acid Ia, AAIa). We previously investigated the efficiencies of human and rat CYPs in the presence of two other components of ...

Ingenol mebutate possesses significant cytotoxicity and is clinically used to treat actinic keratosis. However, ingenol mebutate undergoes acyl migration which affects its bioactivity. Compound 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-acetyl ingenol (AAI, also known as 20-O-acetyl-ingenol-3-angelate or PEP008) is a synthetic derivative of ingenol mebutate. In this work, we report the AAI synthesis details and demonst...